Inspired by the human being created in many products developed by assets, wisdom bestowed upon him, thanks to features such as intelligence and reasoning, according to the needs of different instruments and tools produced. The computer is an indispensable tool in our age is undoubtedly one of these inventions. Accepted as the first computer, hand-made addition and subtraction (for the first time in BC 3000'li used by Babil'liler) abacus, calculator, speed per second in today's super computers capable of 1,750 trillion reached the account.
One of the most important inventions of human history as the invention of the computer-generated assets, which is one of the most-developed human modeled. How is the human, physical, and vitality to it that the soul consists of computer hardware and software consists of two main components.
Electricity came to work as long as the computer's power button is pressed, the survival of the electricity fails or the battery runs out does not work like a soul, the body (body) enters with life and goes to leave with his separation. Mental - physical relationship breaks down at the real life like the collapse of the hardware - software compatibility often, the computer does not crash (blue screen of falling) all along with the danger.
Hardware (Hardware)
Hardware (hardware), refers to the physical structure of the computer. Physical structure, a metal stack consisting of only the eye can see, hand dokunabildiğimiz parts; the same physical structure of man, his body, such as meat and bone formation. Your most basic hardware of a computer;
- Input units (keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, etc.),
- Output units (display, printer, speakers, plotters, etc.),
- Central processing unit (CPU / CPU),
- The memory units (RAM, ROM, cache)
- Storage units (hard disk, DVD - ROM, etc.)
and consists of lines of communication between these units. All transactions are monitored, managed unit of the central processing unit (CPU) or processor with the name of the public in the language of the computer called the brain or heart.
The processor runs the programs and information about the program is stored on the memory modules. The processor needs the data capacity is low at first, but the front running very fast memory (cache memory) searches. Are we not like that? Searches for a drink or food in the refrigerator in the house first before looking for, we can not find go to the nearest grocery store. Here it is, in our house capacity is low, but access to high speed cache buzdolabımızdır. To access the processor cache, main memory (RAM) is much shorter than the access. If the information sought in the cache or memory, refers to the main processor. Main memory is a temporary storage area, information on power cut now lost. For this reason, computer programs to store more long-term and permanent storage units (hard drive, DVD-ROM, etc.) are used.
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin, the process of human memory, information processing of sensory memory (cache), short-term memory / working memory (RAM) and long-term memory (storage units) occurred in three phases to be similar to the model described by specifying the human memory. 2
We like computers at roughly the input birimlerimizle, sensory organlarımızla receive / perceive information that is the heart and brain to process the CPU / or output units, after reasoning (mouth, tongue, eye, etc.) send or storage units which store.
Software (Software)
Computers are used in all kinds of software programs (software) is called. In other words, software, hardware required to manage and use the name given to programs. Software, hardware and computer life-giving, life-saving programs. Yazılımsız a dead body is no different from a computer useless. How dull it (inanimate) is a function of the body can not talk about any, on any software / hardware is not installed in the program, can not go beyond being a metal stack.
Real life, spiritual and bodily life, a life to be shoulder to shoulder and Horsehead. The spirit and unity and harmony of body and soul to continue with the real life with real life-size münasebetinin degradation, such as the collapse of a computer, the hardware-software integration, and with good quality, is a super computer.
The relationship between software and hardware
The relationship between software and hardware can be expressed as follows. As can be seen in the figure, the person using the computer software and hardware dominates.
Developed specifically to perform any task, and users to perform these operations using special programs / software application programs are called. In fact, all the programs running on your computer (Word, Paint, game programs, Web browsers, etc.), each application program. Application programs / software (programming languages, office software, such as software packages) on the hardware to install and run Linux, Mac OS, Windows XP, Windows 7 as an installed operating system (system software) must be present. Operating systems / software installed on your system without it is not possible to run an application program.
The operating system installed on the human mind is like hardware, operating system, according to the level of intelligence to use your computer and make it easier to process, units are connected to your computer (fax modem, a DVD-ROM, printer, etc..) Steer, it is possible to realize programs on your computer to control and operations. The operating system, all programs are running, fairly, efficiently and without interfering with each other's resources, allowing to use the same hardware, application software and provides compatibility between hardware units.
Traffic police stood at a crossroads with limited roads, such as providing a number of tools used by the operating system running many programs at the same time, the disk, allows the use of hardware resources such as memory and processor.
Operating systems, including all the programs running on the computer / software have been written using a programming language.
Programming languages and their properties
A programmer can write commands using different programming languages. Of course, but with a programming language software / processes can be said that the programs will be developed and the computer. Perhaps the programming language as the people speaking the languages have been developed. Today, many modern programming language, used by the Konrad Zuse'nin Plankalkül first programmable computer, under the leadership of Fortran language and was developed by IBM has found the field of application. The historical development of programming languages FORTRAN, ALGOL, LISP, PASCAL, APL, SIMULA, CPL, ADA, Smalltalk, BASIC, PROLOG, C, such as jumping large stones, many are still today, albeit by changing shape. In addition to these more recently developed, these languages are the descendants of the can show Java, C + +, C #, Python, Ruby, Perl, Delphi, Visual Basic, PHP, such as the languages in the scene they showed, and the programming language market the current major shareholders have become.
All of these programming languages can be divided into 2 groups according to human perception, or is close to the machine;
1. Lower-level languages (assembly language)
2. Upper-Level Languages (Visual Basic, Pascal, Delphi, Cobol, FoxPro, Java, C + + ...)
Human / high-level languages are close to the programmer's perception of languages, the machine / computer is close to the lower-level languages
Man or a programmer (who knows the language speech) and computer (machine language-"1.0," who knows) Communication between two foreign statesmen together who do not know the language of each talk or speech dealing with this same logic. Suspecting that the talks between the two statesmen in the strange, but realized through an interpreter or translator. Similarly, computer manufacturers, the same problem with the computer machine language, translate the language of human speech, will interpret such a "program compiler or interpreter"
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